boston flag in 1770

The Cowpens Flag, according to legend, was carried at the Battle. It consisted of 13 red and white stripes with a very long (11 stripes long) canton bearing either 12 or 13 white stars and a gold fleur-di-lis. Because Gadsden also presented a copy of this flag to his home state legislature, a description of the flag is recorded in the South Carolina legislative journals. Discussion. The ministers condemned the traditional “idols” of the the Catholic Church and the Church of England. The variation substituted a green tree for the Union Flag in the upper left white canton of the flag used by English Navy ships. General William Howe, the commanding British general in Philadelphia, sent General Charles Cornwallis with 5,000 men to attack Fort Mercer, landing them by ferry three miles south of the fort. After that, the second variant appeared to gain popularity. Thus, when the Massachusetts Bay Colony was started in New England in 1630, this English Navel Ensign became the first flag flown on official occasions by the Colony. The United States gave the answering salute great publicity because the eleven gun salute was the first international acknowledgment of the independence of the United States. The Pine Tree has been a popular symbol of American independence in New England for years. The “Moultrie” Flag was designed in 1775, and flew over Fort Sullivan (later named Ft. Moultrie) during the battle. On top of this Liberty Pole hung a homemade blue silk flag measuring 44 by 44 inches with the word “LIBERTY” in white sewed on one side. Although this flag was known as the Continental Colors because it represented the entire nation, in one of Washington’s letters he referred to it as the “Great Union Flag” and it is most commonly called the “Grand Old Union Flag” today. According to the legend, General Washington, Robert Morris, and John Ross showed her a rough design of the flag that included six-pointed stars. [* A jackstaff is a small vertical spar (pole) in the bow of a ship, on which “jacks”, not the country’s flag, are flown]. A notable victory of the Green Mountain Boys occurred on the morning of May 10, 1775, when they silently invaded the British held Fort Ticonderoga and demanded its surrender. Three hundred Culpeper Minutemen led by Colonel Stevens marched toward Williamsburg at the beginning of the fighting. In 1777 John Paul Jones was creating so much havoc on the high seas with his raids on the British Merchant Marine and coastal villages that the Admiralty issued orders to have him hung as a pirate if he could be captured. There, under the leadership of General Nathaniel Greene, the militiamen halted the British advance through the Carolinas and turned them back to the seaport towns. United States French Alliance Flag 1781-82. The provincial legislature of South Carolina did not intend for the rattlesnake on red and blue striped flag to become the symbol of its navy. Instead of the plain white flag with a green tree, the more substantial ship owners of New England (with their larger ships) tended to use a variation of the Union Jack. A painting of this flag was made as a part of the legal defense of Jones. A combination of the “King’s” cross of St. George and a pine tree eventually evolved. The first navy Jack was a flag consisting of 13 horizontal alternating red and white stripes bearing diagonally across them a rattlesnake in a moving position with the motto “Don’t Tread On Me.” The temporary substitution of this Jack represents an historic reminder of the nation’s and Navy’s origin and will to persevere and triumph. After the successful effort to repeal the Stamp Act, the nine- striped flag was modified to 13 horizontal stripes to represent the unity of all the colonies. The history of a flag identifying the Sons of Liberty flag began in 1765, when protests of the duties and taxes and stamps required by Parliament began in the colonies. This was one of the bloodiest battles of the Revolutionary War with the British losing over 25% of their troops. This red and green striped flag was used by General George Rogers Clark during his attack on the British held Fort Sackville during the American Revolution in 1779. The flag described by Rawlin Lowndes, President of the South Carolina General Assembly, in a letter he sent to Commodore Alexander Gillon, Commander of the ship South Carolina, dated 19 July 1778 noted: “The Flagg which you are to wear and which is the flagg by which the Navy of this State is in the future to be distinguished, is a rich Blue field, a Rice Sheaf Worked with Gold (or Yellow) in the Center, and 13 Stars Silver (or White) Scattered over the field.“. Also according to the rules of heraldry, a star must have at least 6 points. Mr. Franklin, then apparently, had a flag, such as he had imagined, made and sent to Jones so that it could be flown at his ships’ masthead. Three and a half years after the Boston Tea Party, the nine stripes had grown to thirteen horizontal stripes. As the Bon-Homme Richard sunk, he boarded and captured the Serapis, then sailed the badly damaged prize ship into the Dutch harbor of Texel, where it eventually was turned over to the French. Flag). On January 1st, 1776, General George Washington ordered the hoisting of a “Union Flag in compliment to the United Colonies” on a 76 foot tall pole on a hill in Somerville, just outside of Boston. To remind the delegates of the danger of disunity, the serpent was shown cut to pieces. Other newspapers took up the snake theme. A 26 year-old British Lieutenant Colonel named John Graves Simcoe, in command of the Queen’s Rangers at Yorktown, painted this from his station across the river. When the Revolution came, the Massachusetts colony in 1775 declared its official Massachusetts Navy flag to be this naval ensign (the one first above). During the Revolution, he served in the campaigns in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and was in command of the artillery at West Point, before joining Washington at the siege of Yorktown. About the same time, George Washington’s military secretary, Colonel Joseph Reed, proposed that all American ships fly a red flag with a plain white canton with only one green pine tree in it (the second one above), so that all American ships could recognize one another. Betsy Ross Flag – This is the flag design that legend says was created by Betsy Ross for George Washington. [Admiral George H. Preble, History of the Flag of the United States (1880).]. Often the flags flown by ships, known as “ensigns,” or “jacks” are variations of the country’s flag. In 1775, Colonel Christopher Gadsden was in Philadelphia representing his home colony of South Carolina at the Continental Congress and presented this new naval flag to the Congress. The Penacook people have been credited with teaching the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony much needed survival skills when the colonists were starving to death during the winter of 1621-22. Back and forth they went, appearing to the observing British as a huge attacking force assembling. Monarch – George III; Prime Minister – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (until 28 ... 5 March – Boston Massacre: five Americans killed by British troops in an event that would help start the American Revolutionary War five years later. This flag was a variation of the New England Pine Tree flag. “Penacook” is an Algonquin word meaning “Children of the Pine Tree.”. The flag was shot away by the British in the battle, but the British were in turn defeated which saved the south from British occupation for another two years. While Franklin pondered possible solutions to this problem, the Dutch Ambassador, acting for his government, asked for a description of the United States Flag. According to tradition, in June of 1776, Betsy Ross, who was a widow struggling to run her own upholstery business sewed the first flag. After the Stamp Act was repealed by the English Parliament, the Sons of Liberty erected a Liberty Pole in New York City to celebrate the repeal of the Stamp Act. The Boston Massacre of 1770 was an event of the American Revolutionary War where civilians were killed by soldiers. The flag is sometimes flown in a darker shade of blue, more of a turquoise . But John Trumbull, whose paintings of Revolutionary War scenes are quite famous, talked to eye-witnesses and his subsequent painting depicting the battle displayed the Continental flag as shown here. A flag of nine red and white vertical stripes known as the “Rebellious Stripes” was flown from this pole. His exact design of the stars is not known, and the placement of the stars in the canton varied considerably during the first 50 or so years of the United States. However, since it was common practice for military units to carry flags that featured common American symbols (such as stripes and stars), but to make them uniquely identifiable for use as their regimental flags, this flag was probably never intended for use as a national flag. After a protest of the Stamp Act was held under an Elm tree in Boston, the tree became known as the “Liberty Tree,” and a protest group known as the Sons of Liberty was formed. Tensions ran high in Boston in early 1770. The latest example of a Naval Regulation requiring the First Naval Jack is the following, still in effect. COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, JAN. 1, 1800. After the 1707 reunion of England and Scotland, and the subsequent change in the “King’s Colors”, the English Royal Navy used a Union Jack which was a red flag with a canton in the upper left with the King’s “unified” flag. The history of the Stamp Act flag began in about 1765, when protests of the duties and taxes and stamps required by Parliament began in the colonies. Later, this Liberty flag was reportedly carried by the First New York Line Regiment, who largely came from Schenectady, between 1776-1777 during the revolution. Jones had one made and proudly raised this flag when he sailed back to the colonies on the Alliance. Recent research by flag scholar John Hartvigsen indicates that this flag was actually the colors of the Chester County Militia, not the 7th Pennsylvania Militia Regiment. In 1777, two forts were constructed on the Delaware river. Nevertheless, he gave the Dutch visitor a description of what we now call the “Franklin or Serapis Flag.” This description was sent to the Dutch Fleet, along with the orders that it be recognized on the high seas. The Governor of the Colony, John Endicott, ordered the Standard Bearers of the Colony (many towns in the Colony had an official named the Standard Bearer) to remove the St. George’s Cross from their flags. Other documents from approximately this time period show the ship’s flags of ships of the New England colonies as being a flag with a white canton in which there was both the red St. George’s Cross and a green tree (usually pine or oak) in the extreme upper left of the canton. March 5, 1770 March 6, 1770 The Boston Massacre Occurs, five people Shot and Killed. The pine tree indicated not only a prime export (lumber) but also the nature of the New World. Text of Illustration . In 1751, Benjamin Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette carried a bitter article protesting the British practice of sending convicts to America. The tree started appearing on local coinage, and eventually on the flags used on merchant ships the colonists built and sailed on merchant voyages to various places in the New World as well as to Europe. Flag appeared. After the war, Simcoe went on to become Upper Canada’s first lieutenant-governor and probably the most effective of all British officials dispatched from London to preside over a Canadian province. According to legend, on January 1, 1776, this flag was first raised at Cambridge, where George Washington took command of the Continental Army. There is some conjecture that the stripes of the Sons of Liberty flag may have inspired the stripes on the Continental Colors, but there is no documentary evidence of this. That 13-striped flag became the one enshrined in our popular culture. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was formed when this English Naval Ensign was the common flag available on both English Navy and merchants ships and also in overseas colonies. The Boston Massacre was an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British American colonies, which culminated in the American Revolutionary War. The captured cannon and mortars were then transported across the snow covered mountains of New England. On the nights of June 16-17, 1775, the Americans fortified Breed and Bunker Hills which overlooked Boston Harbor. THE BOSTON MASSACRE, MARCH 5, 1770. It’s description matches one made for a cavalry troop of the Massachusetts Bay Militia in the French and Indian Wars. More than 2,000 British soldiers occupied the city of 16,000 colonists and tried to enforce Britain’s tax laws, like the like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts. This unique Flag has an elongated canton and blue and red stripes. Under Captain John Barry, she captured three enemy privateers and three Royal Navy warships during 1781-1783. She followed the accepted rules of heraldry and began and ended the stripes with white ones. George Rogers Clark is credited (perhaps mistakenly) by some as using a similar red and green banner in February 1779, when he led 172 men, nearly half of which were French volunteers, from Kaskaskia, Indiana to attack the British force holding a fort at Vincennes, Indiana. Shortly afterwards, the Ambassador of the two Sicily’s came to call, making the same request. During the war, the Alliance flew an ensign with seven white stripes, six red stripes, and thirteen eight-pointed stars. Especially unpopular was an act that raised revenue through duties on lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea. Events from the year 1770 in Great Britain. From Endicott’s of 1636 order until about 50 years later, the unofficial flag of Massachusetts Bay was red with an blank white canton. Today, a modern reproduction of this “Washington” flag still flies at his Valley Forge Headquarters, but there is no period documentation or proof to support it ever being an actual flag used during the Revolutionary War. Bright red and white stripes were not very practical there. From that point on, the flags of the United States took their own distinct path. The next year, during a great battle with the English ship Serapis, Jones ship – Bonhomme Richard – was sinking and the English captain asked if Jones wanted to surrender. In reality, the flag was the regimental flag of the Third Maryland Regiment, and this unit had been disbanded just prior to the battle. This surprise installation of some of these on the heights over Boston Harbor enabled George Washington to force the British to leave that important harbor. Many historians think the flag more likely to have been at the battle, if any, was the more common First New England Naval Ensign. When General Stark died, he was the oldest (last) Revolutionary War general. Before this was done, however, the Great and General Court of the Colony decreed that Endicott’s order changing the flag “exceeded the lymits of his calling”, removed him from office, and forbid him holding any public office for one year. This image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The first American gunned down was Crispus Attucks, a freeman of African and Native American descent. Copyright 2017 RevolutionaryWar.us | All Rights Reserved. 1770 Detail June 3, 1770 - The town of Monterey, California is established by Father Junípero Serra and explorer Gaspar de Portolà. Flown by the American schooner Royal Savage at Lake Champlain between August and October 1776. He holds a bow in one hand and an arrow in the other. The flag he designed became known as the Grand Union Flag. Colonel Gadsden felt it was especially important for the new commander-in-chief of the Navy to have a distinctive personal standard. It used the symbol of a snake and the slogan, which he placed on the Sons of Liberty Flag. The arrow is pointing downward representing peace. A few days later when they replied to the British that they had evidence in their files that the flag used on the “Serapis” was a recognized flag and that Jones would be allowed to refit. It should also be noted that the so-called First Navy Jack was probably not a Jack at all, but an ensign. The Americans opened rifle fire on the fort with such accuracy that the British were prevented from opening their gunports. Purpose. This flag first saw combat under Commodore Hopkins, who was the first Commander-in-Chief of the new Continental Navy, when Washington’s Cruisers put to sea for the first time in February of 1776 to raid the Bahamas and capture stored British cannon and shot. Marine Committeeman Francis Hopkinson designed the first stars and stripes flag. She carried American diplomats to France for the peace talks, and fired the last shots of the Revolution in an engagement with two Royal Navy warships in 1783. Within days of the British surrender at Yorktown on on October 19, 1781, an American artillery officer named Major Sebastian Bauman (2nd New York Artillery Regiment) drew a map with this flag pictured on it. The Fort Mifflin Flag was originally a Continental Navy Jack. The “John Paul Jones flag” was entered into Dutch records to help Jones avoid charges of piracy when he captured the Serapis under an “unknown flag.” Here’s the story. Massachusetts State Flag On a white field is a blue shield emblazoned with the image of a Native American, Massachuset. Thus, by the time just preceding the American Revolution the flag identified by many with New England as a region was that ship flag. These products among others included paper, glass and tea. Three years later, the Gazette printed a political cartoon of a snake as a commentary on the Albany Congress. In contrast to England, the flag used by the King of Scotland was the cross of St. Andrew. The traditional version of this story gives Colonial Stark’s wife, Molly Stark, credit for making the flag. 1770-03-12 Usage Public Domain Mark 1.0 Topics Boston Massacre, Boston Gazette, Country Journal, March 12, 1770, Samuel Gray, Crispus Attucks, Samuel Maverick, Christopher Monk, Paul Revere, Samuel Adams, James Caldwell Language English The navy used 25 vessels over the course of the war, acting in various roles such as prison ships, dispatch vessels, and combat cruisers. The British never regained control of these posts, and the American claims in the old Northwest served as the basis of the cession of these lands to the United States at the Treaty of Paris in 1783. At the Battle of Cowpens, General Daniel Morgan won a decisive victory against the British in South Carolina on January 17, 1781. The Continental Navy, knowing they were up against the greatest naval power in the world, set sail flying a flag with an “APPEAL TO HEAVEN.”. Therefore, Gadsden designed, had produced, and personally presented to Hopkins a flag to be used as the personal standard of the new commander-in-chief of the Navy. Rather than let the garrison be captured by the overwhelming British forces, Colonel Christopher Greene decided to abandon the fort on November 20, leaving the British to occupy it the following day. According to this tradition he used this flag throughout the whole Revolutionary War. Started in 1630, the Massachusetts Bay Colony originally used the 1630 English Naval Ensign. The history of the Pine Tree as a symbol of New England predates the European colonial settlements. Text of Illustration . Naval Regulations have ordered the First Navy Jack to be used instead of the Union Jack on special occasions. During the 5-day siege of Fort Mifflin, the flag remained flying, despite the largest bombardment in North American history up to that point with over 10,000 cannonballs shot at the fort. Today, this flag still flies over the restored fort. Indeed, in Boston, when the English general in charge saw the Union Flag added to what appeared to be a Sons of Liberty flag, he first decided it meant the American troops were surrendering. Since Clark was the highest ranking Continental officer to operate in the future Northwest Territory, he has often been hailed as the “Conqueror of the Old Northwest.”. Sometimes New England ships used a plain white flag with a green tree of some sort shown on it, commonly a pine tree. The English Army cut the tree down. Among other things to protest the Stamp Act, nine colonies sent delegates to their “Stamp Act Congress” They petitioned the King and Parliament; the Act was repealed in 1766. Symbols Of The American Revolution Archives Revive 1775. The white star represents Massachusetts as … 1. The flag is essentially the same as the Continental Naval Jack. Flown by the American Navy ship Andrea Doria when it entered the harbor at St. Eustatius on November 16, 1776. In 1636, in a sermon in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Roger Williams (before he was banished and fled to Rhode Island) fastened on the cross of St. George as an “idol” and condemned the use of the St George’s cross in the colony’s flag. In 1771, a liberty pole was erected the center of the City of Schenectady, New York, as a protest of British policies and interference in the communities’ affairs. This was the flag of the 36-gun Continental Navy frigate, USS Alliance, one of finest warship built in America during the Revolution. In the fall of 1775, as the first ships of the Continental Navy readied in the Delaware River, Commodore Esek Hopkins instructed that the signal for attack in battle would be flying “the striped Jack and Ensign at their proper places.” The second source is a color plate in Admiral Preble’s book showing essentially the same “Don’t Tread Upon Me” flag used as a Navy Ensign. This was the only time the flag wasn’t flying throughout the constant barrage. Troops from Britain arrive in Boston, MA. There is, however, no real proof, either from testimonials or diaries that mention any flag flown that day by either side, except one by a British officer (Lt. Barker), who reported that British grenadiers chopped down and destroyed a flag and liberty pole standing on a hill near Concord Center. The story behind this flag was that our Ambassador to France, Ben Franklin, was then asked what the new country’s flag looked like. This solved the bland style of a barren white canton, and showed loyalty to the person of the King of England. BOSTON NEWS-LETTER, FEB. 15, 1770. It was a British naval red ensign with the red field defaced by white stripes, making a field of 13 red and white stripes. Save. The “Don’t Thread on Me!” and Rattlesnake Ensign has become a powerful American symbol which tradition tells us was used by the Continental Navy in 1775 and is now being used again by the U.S. Navy in the War on Terrorism. By the time the Union Jack was used by English Navy ships, the pine tree had become a core symbol of New England. In some pictures the rattlesnake flag appears, and in others we only have stripes. DEC. 11, 1799. The flag of Boston consists of a sky blue field and the seal of the city of Boston, Massachusetts, in the center. The Historic Forster Flag Auction In New York Doyle House. This was the first political cartoon published in an American newspaper. In eastern Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire and the southern corner of Maine, there lived a nomadic tribe of Native Americans known as the Penacook. When the British advanced up the slope the next day, according to legend they saw a red flag, but we have no real knowledge of which American Flag was actually flown in this battle. It also flew this flag over the floating batteries which sailed down the Charles River to attack the British in the Siege of Boston. Hopkins ordered his ship commanders that when Hopkins raised the battleflag, all ships were to immediately attack the enemy according to a previously arranged battle formation plan. Boston, printed, by order of the town, by Messrs. Edes and Gill; and re-printed for W. Bingley, London, 1770 - Boston Massacre, 1770 - 83 pages 3 Reviews Preview this book » In the autumn of 1775, the United States Navy was established to intercept incoming British ships carrying war supplies to the British troops in the colonies. The first official documented US flag had also a staggered star pattern and was used by the navy. This flag was never officially sanctioned by the Continental Congress, but was in use from late 1775 until mid 1777, probably because it was very simple to make. The Union Jack was associated with English Navy ships. As poles were alternately erected by Patriots and cut down by troops, violent outbreaks over it raged intermittently from 1766 until the Patriots gained control of New York City government in April 1775. Each segment is marked with the name of a colony, and the motto “JOIN or DIE” below. 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